Objective: Varicocele, defined as an abnormal dilatation of the testicular veins in the pampiniform plexus, is often associated with a reduction in the volume of the affected testicle. Currently, there is much debate about how much the varicocele actually damages the reproductive system and the mechanism through which this occurs. Varicocele is present in around 15% of the adult male population. The aim of this study was to examine the semen quality and sperm morphology in patients with preoperation and post operation in three months with varicocele using sperm and semen parameters.

Material and Methods: Semen samples were obtained from a total of 30 patients diagnosed with varicocele grade-3. Patients age are between 19-22. After semen liquefaction, seminal analysis was performed using Makler camera according to WHO criteria, and sperm morphology was evaluated by using Spermac staining technique.

Results: In this study, the average number of A motile sperm ratio of the patients before surgery was 16,1%. Three months after surgery the ratio was 22.3% (p≤0.001). The average of B-motile sperms of the patients was 12.53% and after surgery it was 14.7% (p≤0.001). Means average of sperm morphology was 3.6% in prevaricocelectomized patients, 6.22% in postvaricocelectomized patients. Head, neck and tail anomalies were 76.2%, 10.43% and 10.9%, respectively. Postvaricocelectomized patients showed significant improvement in number of head of sperms (p=0.008). Recovery in neck (12.7%) and tail (11.7%) of sperm were not significant (p>0.05). The average of normal sperm morphology in all patients prior to surgery was 3.6% after a 22.6% significant (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion: In conclusion, it was determined that varicocele has negative effects on sperm functions and varicocelectomy provided repair of sperm damage within 3 months. Varicocele has important infertility potential if left untreated.