Objective It was aimed to determine the clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and prognosis of cases underwent endoscopy due to gastrointestinal system (GIS) bleeding.

Materials and Methods: Patients, which underwent endoscopy due to GIS bleeding in the pediatric gastroenterology between January 2009-January 2016 were included in the study.

Results: A total of 374 patients (mean age 9.09±5.07 years, 1 month-18 years), 188 boys and 186 girls, were included in the study. There were 226 patients (mean age 7.94±5.12 years) in the study group, 110 male and 116 female, with upper GIS bleeding. The main histopathological findings were duodenitis (n:95, 63.8%), gastritis (n:94, 63.1%), Helicobacter pylori positivity (n:58, 61.1%), esophagitis (n:28, 18.8%), and normal (n:17, 11.4%). The main endoscopic diagnoses in patients with upper GIS bleeding were gastritis (43.8%), esophagitis (27.9%), cardioesophageal sphincter looseness (19%), stomach ulcer (18.6%), duodenitis (9.7%), esophageal varices (7.5%) duodenal ulcer (7.1%), and normal (11.1%). There were a total of 148 patients (mean age 10.93±4.52 years), 78 boys and 70 girls, with lower GIS bleeding. The main colonoscopy findings were colon ulcer (n:51, 34%), rectal ulcer (n:22, 14.9%), polyps (n:14, 9.5%), lymphoid hyperplasia in ileum (n:7, 4.7%) and hemorrhoid (n: 4, 2.7%), and normal (n:42, 28.4%) cases. Histopathological findings in 134 patients were colitis in 44 (32.8%), ileitis in 9 (6.7%), polyps in 8 (6%), and normal in 76 (56.7%) cases.

Conclusion: GIS endoscopy, which has an indispensable place in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, will gain more importance in the future with advances in medicine and technology.