Many of the patients with drug-induced nephrotoxicity have risk factors that lead to the damage. Among these factors, there are patient, kidney and drug-specific risk factors. All compartments of the kidney can be affected and results in one or more clinical renal pathologies include acute or chronic kidney disease, various tubulopathies and proteinuric renal disease. Treatment plan depends on how to create a form of toxicity. The toxic effect of the some nephrotoxic agents on kidney is realized by creating an oxidative stress atmosphere. It is well established that antioxidant therapy reduced possible damage caused by toxic agents in experimental conditions. Recognizing the risk factors and obtaining of information regarding the pathophysiology of nephrotoxicity are the first step in reducing the renal injury related to drugs and toxins.