Parasitic diseases have been frequently observed, especially in the developing countries, and they represent a serious public health issue resulting in fatally and severe clinical presentations such as loss of fetus in the pregnant women, infertility, death of children and massive economic losses. Clinical presentation of such diseases varies based on numerous factors associated with the parasite itself or the host. One of the most important factors among these is the host immunity. Parasitic infections which are asymptomatic or which have a modest clinical course in individuals with an intact immune system, can have a fatal course in immune-deficient individuals.

Human immune system is under influence of various factors, such as HIV infection, malign diseases and organ transplantation. In organ transplant recipients, administration of immunosuppressant therapy following the transplantation may increase the risk for development of bacterial, viral or fungal infections, or infections with opportunistic parasites, leading to severe clinical pictures.

Under the light of current developments, parasitic diseases observed in the organ transplant patients were addressed in this review and their significance was underlined to raise awareness.