Objective: The most important prognostic factor in breast cancer is the stage of the disease. Although excellent overall survival rates have been reported with breast breast-conserving therapy (BCT) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), some studies have shown increased local recurrence rates after this therapy. In this study, we aimed to compare the local recurrence, distant metastasis and overall survival rates of patients with LABC who underwent mastectomy and BCT after NAC.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to retrospectively examine the oncological results of mastectomy and BCT procedures performed in 31 patients who had received NAC due to LABC in our hospital between July 2017 and December 2021.

Results: No significant difference was found in terms of local recurrence (%5.6 vs. %7.7), distant metastasis (%22.2 vs. %7.7), and overall survival (%94.4 ve %100) in patients who underwent mastectomy and BCT (respectively P=1.00, P=0.368, P=1.00).

Conclusion: This study shows that BCT after NAC is an oncologically safe surgical option in patients with LABC, and it is an alternative surgical procedure to mastectomy in selected patient groups.