Objective The aim of this study was to examine the utility of DARS2 protein, a new biomarker, to differentiate basal cell carcinoma from trichoblastoma. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the skin and is histologically and morphologically similar to trichoblastoma (TRC). It is important to distinguish TB from BCC, as treatment approaches and prognosis differ. That's because one is typically benign, while the other often exhibits malignant behavior. Various histochemical and immunohistochemical parameters were used to differentiate both tumors, predict prognosis, and develop alternative medical treatment modalities in BCC. However, there are no specific antibodies that can be used reliably. DARS2 is a mitochondrial protein and the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunctions and tumorigenesis has accelerated studies in this direction.

Materials and Methods: 21 BCC and 15 TRC cases were included in this study. Patients were identified retrospectively by reviewing a pathological database. Pathological data were obtained from hospital medical archives and pathology reports.

Results: DARS2 protein was reactive for BCC and TRC and was found to be significantly higher in BCC.

Conclusion: It was concluded that the DARS2 protein could be a potential biomarker for the differentiation of BCC and TB.